Different Types of Electric Power Steering (EPS) Systems for Vehicles
By BROGEN | Feb 18, 2025
The Electric Power Steering (EPS) system is an advanced steering system that integrates mechanical steering, electronic sensing, control, and drive technologies. It mainly consists of the following components: mechanical steering system, steering wheel torque sensor, vehicle speed sensor, electronic control unit (ECU), motor, and reduction mechanism.
Based on the position of the assist motor, the Electric Power Steering (EPS) system is primarily divided into C-EPS, P-EPS, DP-EPS, and R-EPS.
Different Types of Electric Power Steering Systems
1. Column Assist Type Electric Power Steering (C-EPS)
Motor Position: The motor and reduction gear are arranged on the steering column. The torque provided by the motor works in conjunction with the torque provided by the driver to rotate the steering column, which is transmitted to the rack through an intermediate shaft and small gear for assistance.
Applicable Vehicle Types: Compact vehicles that do not require significant assistance.
Structural Features: Compact design, easy installation, and minimal space requirement.
Driving Experience: Light steering at low speeds, stable handling at high speeds, and excellent self-centering performance.
2. Pinion Assist Type Electric Power Steering (P-EPS)
Motor Position: The motor assists the small gear on the gear rack steering mechanism, combining the precise adjustability of electronic power steering with the strong road feel of hydraulic power steering.
System Performance: Features a waterproof, compact, lightweight, high-performance integrated motor-ECU, providing high rigidity and excellent dynamic steering performance.
Structural Features: Utilizes a compact, integrated housing design that enhances manufacturing precision and product reliability.
Cost: The cost of P-EPS is higher compared to C-EPS.
3. Dual-Pinion Assist Type Electric Power Steering (DP-EPS)
Motor Position: An assist motor is added at another position on the rack, applying steering force to the steering linkage through a small gear, forming a dual small gear structure in conjunction with the intermediate shaft and steering linkage structure.
Applicable Vehicle Types: Suitable for medium SUVs, large SUVs, MPVs, pickups, and other general passenger vehicles, meeting the requirements for ADAS.
Performance Advantages: The servo motor operates only when the steering is required, reducing fuel consumption by 3% - 5%; designed with high robustness to handle complex vehicle conditions; offers high steering precision to meet driving assistance performance requirements at high speeds.
Redundant Design: The fully redundant DP-EPS features complete redundancy in power supply, communication, sensors, electronic control, and motor output, enhancing the system's reliability and safety.
4. Rack Assist Type Electric Power Steering (R-EPS)
Motor Position: The motor typically acts on the rack through a synchronous belt or ball screw, and there are also configurations that use a rack-mounted coaxial motor to provide assistance via a roller screw.
Structural Features: The structure is relatively compact, making it suitable for situations where the front axle load gradually increases and is positioned farther from the driver.
Driving Experience: Offers improved handling feel and higher efficiency, making it more suitable for premium vehicles.
Performance Advantages: Provides a refined tuning feel and good NVH performance, fully covering the steering needs from B-segment cars to luxury MPVs; supports L2+ level autonomous driving in conjunction with features like LKA, APA, and RCS.
Brogen Strength in Power Steering Solutions
We are able to develop and manufacture 3rd-gen (EHPS), 4th-gen (EPS), and 5th-gen (SbW) power steering systems to meet the electrification and intelligent steering demands of various vehicle classes and steer-by-wire chassis.
Our R&D team for power steering systems consists of over 50 experienced engineers, with expertise spanning hydraulic engineering, material mechanics, strength analysis, control engineering, vehicle dynamics, and fluid mechanics, and experience working across multiple countries such as Germany, the USA, France, Italy, the UK, Japan, Spain, etc.
Brogen's modern EPS factory spans 33,000 square meters, employing over 300 skilled workers with an annual production capacity of 1.1 million units. Equipped with advanced R&D and testing facilities, we can conduct a full range of steering system tests such as precision testing, functional and performance evaluations, environmental assessments, etc.
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